The industrial fire that occurred in November 2025 in the Dilovası district of Kocaeli was recorded as a serious occupational safety disaster, resulting in the deaths of seven workers. The fire, which broke out in a cosmetics/perfume manufacturing facility where flammable chemicals were used, should be regarded not merely as a technical malfunction but as a combination of regulatory shortcomings, non-compliant production practices, and inadequate risk management. This study a

High-rise properties are defined by those structures that were reported in the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) as having seven or more stories above grade. In 2019–2023, fire departments in the United States responded to an estimated average of 14,830 reported structure fires in high-rise buildings each year. These fires caused an average of 33 civilian deaths, 439 civilian injuries, and $203 million in direct property damage per year. Structure fires in high-

On the night of 26 September 2025, a fire that broke out at the National Information Resources Service (NIRS) data center in Daejeon, South Korea, was recorded as far more than a mere technical malfunction. The incident revealed to the world just how fragile digital state infrastructures can be, and how vulnerable data centers—the “invisible backbone” of modern societies—truly are. As a result of the fire, 858 terabytes of public data were irreversibly lost, hundreds of publi